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Folic acid is a synthetic form of folate, a water-soluble B vitamin (vitamin B9) essential for numerous bodily functions, including DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and the prevention of neural tube defects during pregnancy. Unlike natural folate found in foods like leafy greens, legumes, and citrus fruits, folic acid is commonly added to fortified foods and available as a dietary supplement. Once ingested, it is converted in the liver into its active form, tetrahydrofolate (THF), which participates in various metabolic processes, including amino acid metabolism and the synthesis of nucleic acids. Adequate folic acid intake is particularly crucial for pregnant individuals, as it significantly reduces the risk of birth defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly.
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